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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' awareness and capacity to draw on relational affordances, as well as learner-internal elements, were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important reason for them to choose to not criticize a strict professor (see the example 2).
This article reviews all locally published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic important topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a popular tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It does not take into account individual and cultural differences. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a strength. This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, the DCT is now one of the most significant tools for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to study numerous issues, like the manner of speaking, 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 추천; Historydb.Date, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
A recent study used a DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. The participants were given a list of scenarios and required to choose a suitable response from the options provided. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods like a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test creators. They are not always accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods of assessing refusal competence.
A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and utilized hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four main factors that included their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, and their relational affordances. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
First, the MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choices of behavior in a specific situation.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to an inadequate understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The code was re-coded repeatedly, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Interviews for refusal
The central issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do certain learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question by using a variety of experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 프라그마틱 정품 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 사이트 (simply click the next internet page) 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked consider their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could produce native-like patterns. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship benefits. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or consequences they might face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should consider reassessing the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. Moreover this will allow educators to create more effective methods to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigational strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes multiple data sources to help support the findings, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to examine unique or complex topics that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study the first step is to define the subject as well as the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential for investigation and which ones can be omitted. It is also helpful to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a broad understanding of the topic and to place the case study in a broader theoretical context.
This study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of the prompts, deviating from precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to add their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses.
Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their knowledge of the world.
The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved an imaginary interaction with their co-workers and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. The interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and therefore did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would do so.
CLKs' awareness and capacity to draw on relational affordances, as well as learner-internal elements, were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important reason for them to choose to not criticize a strict professor (see the example 2).
This article reviews all locally published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic important topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a popular tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It does not take into account individual and cultural differences. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a strength. This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, the DCT is now one of the most significant tools for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to study numerous issues, like the manner of speaking, 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 추천; Historydb.Date, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
A recent study used a DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. The participants were given a list of scenarios and required to choose a suitable response from the options provided. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods like a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test creators. They are not always accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods of assessing refusal competence.
A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and utilized hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four main factors that included their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, and their relational affordances. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
First, the MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choices of behavior in a specific situation.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to an inadequate understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The code was re-coded repeatedly, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Interviews for refusal
The central issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do certain learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question by using a variety of experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 프라그마틱 정품 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 사이트 (simply click the next internet page) 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked consider their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could produce native-like patterns. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship benefits. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or consequences they might face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should consider reassessing the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural contexts on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. Moreover this will allow educators to create more effective methods to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigational strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes multiple data sources to help support the findings, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to examine unique or complex topics that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study the first step is to define the subject as well as the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential for investigation and which ones can be omitted. It is also helpful to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a broad understanding of the topic and to place the case study in a broader theoretical context.
This study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of the prompts, deviating from precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to add their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses.
Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their knowledge of the world.
The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved an imaginary interaction with their co-workers and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. The interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and therefore did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would do so.
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