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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' understanding and ability to make use of relational affordances, as well as learner-internal elements, were important. RIs from TS & ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 as a major factor in their rational decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see examples 2).
This article reviews all locally published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. The DCT for instance, cannot account cultural and individual variations. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT is susceptible to bias and can cause overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used in research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter the social variables that are relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a benefit. This characteristic can be utilized to study the impact of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate many issues, such as the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the use of lexical terms. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
A recent study used a DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were given a list of scenarios and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 required to choose a suitable response from the options provided. The authors concluded that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as form and content. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test designers. They may not be precise, and 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬 they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further research on different methods of assessing the ability to refuse.
In a recent research study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to those from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally indirect request forms, and a lesser use of hints than the email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean using a variety of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was analyzed in order to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a given situation.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to be more convergent toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two independent coders. Coding was an iterative process, where the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Interviews with Refusal
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research has attempted to answer this question using several experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were required to consider their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their answers. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life experiences. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors helped facilitate a more relaxed performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or penalties they might face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the usefulness of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultures on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that employs in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of multiple data sources to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to analyze specific or complicated topics that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study, the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the topic to gain a better understanding of the topic and to place the case study within a wider theoretical framework.
This study was based on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], as well as its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices which were literal interpretations. This was a departure from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had an unnatural tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response.
Furthermore, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 in their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their understanding of the world.
The interviewees were given two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to get along with and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a lot of work despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.
CLKs' understanding and ability to make use of relational affordances, as well as learner-internal elements, were important. RIs from TS & ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 as a major factor in their rational decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see examples 2).
This article reviews all locally published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. The DCT for instance, cannot account cultural and individual variations. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT is susceptible to bias and can cause overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used in research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter the social variables that are relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a benefit. This characteristic can be utilized to study the impact of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate many issues, such as the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the use of lexical terms. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
A recent study used a DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were given a list of scenarios and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 required to choose a suitable response from the options provided. The authors concluded that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as form and content. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test designers. They may not be precise, and 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬 they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further research on different methods of assessing the ability to refuse.
In a recent research study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to those from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally indirect request forms, and a lesser use of hints than the email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean using a variety of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was analyzed in order to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a given situation.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to be more convergent toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two independent coders. Coding was an iterative process, where the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Interviews with Refusal
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research has attempted to answer this question using several experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were required to consider their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their answers. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life experiences. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors helped facilitate a more relaxed performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or penalties they might face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the usefulness of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultures on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that employs in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of multiple data sources to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to analyze specific or complicated topics that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study, the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the topic to gain a better understanding of the topic and to place the case study within a wider theoretical framework.
This study was based on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], as well as its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices which were literal interpretations. This was a departure from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had an unnatural tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their quality of response.
Furthermore, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 in their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their understanding of the world.
The interviewees were given two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to get along with and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a lot of work despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.
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